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Essential Spanish Vocabulary for Beginners

Learning Spanish becomes much easier when vocabulary is grouped in a practical order. Instead of studying random lists, beginners should start with the words they need most in real life: basic survival phrases, greetings, question words, simple replies, and everyday topics.

1. Survival Essentials

These are the first words and phrases every beginner should know. They help you answer basic questions, handle confusion, and survive simple real-life situations.

• sí — yes
• no — no
• ¿entiende(s)? — do you understand?
• no entiendo — i don’t understand
• no (lo) sé — i don’t know
• no tengo ni idea — i have no idea
• no hablo español — i don’t speak spanish
• estoy perdido(a) — i’m lost

2. Basic Greetings

Greetings are the easiest way to begin speaking Spanish. They appear constantly in daily conversation.

• hola — hello
• buenos días — good morning
• buenas tardes — good afternoon
• buenas noches — good evening / good night

3. Introducing Yourself

This group helps you say who you are and ask the same about someone else.

• me llamo — my name is
• mi nombre es — my name is
• soy… — i’m…
• ¿cómo te llamas? — what is your name?
• (yo) soy de… — i am from…

4. Asking How Someone Is

Once you can greet people, the next step is simple social conversation.

• ¿cómo está usted? — how are you? (formal)
• ¿cómo estás? — how are you? (informal)
• ¿qué tal? — how are you? (informal) / what’s up?
• ¿cómo te va? — how ‘s it going?
• ¿qué haces? — what are you doing?
• ¿qué pasa? — what ‘s happening?

5. Simple Responses

A beginner does not need long answers at first. These short replies help you respond quickly.

• ¿y tú? — and you?
• muy bien — very well
• así, así — so, so
• mal — bad
• como siempre — as always

6. Polite and Social Words

Politeness is not optional. These words are small, but they make a huge difference in everyday Spanish.

• ¡de nada! — you’re welcome! / no problem!
• por favor — please
• ¡perdon! — excuse me!
• ¡disculpe! — excuse me!
• ¡lo siento! — sorry!
• gracias — thank you
• salud — bless you

7. Question Words

These are the building blocks of real communication. Once you know these, you can understand and create questions.

• ¿qué…? — what?
• ¿quién…? — who?
• ¿cuándo…? — when?
• ¿dónde…? — where?
• ¿por qué…? — why?
• ¿cuál? — which?
• ¿cómo…? — how?

8. Personal Pronouns

Pronouns appear everywhere. Learning them early helps you understand who the sentence is about.

• Yo — I
• tú (informal) — you
• usted (formal) — you
• él — he
• ella — she
• nosotros/nosotras — we
• ustedes — you all
• ellos — they
• ellas(females) — they

9. Talking About Age

Age is one of the first personal details people learn to express.

• (yo) tengo … años — i am … years old.
• viejo/a — old
• joven — young
• de mediana edad — middle-aged
• juvenil — youthful
• nuevo/a — new

10. Celebrations and Good Wishes

These expressions are common in daily life, parties, birthdays, meals, and social events.

• ¡feliz cumpleaños! — happy birthday!
• ¡felicitaciones! — congratulations!
• ¡diviértete! — have fun!
• ¡buen provecho! — bon appetit!
• ¡bienvenidos! / ¡bienvenidas! — welcome!
• salud! — cheers!

11. Saying Goodbye

Goodbyes are just as important as greetings. These phrases help you end conversations politely.

• adiós — goodbye
• chao — goodbye
• hasta luego — see you later
• hasta mañana — see you tomorrow
• nos vemos — see you
• ¡cuídate mucho! — take care!
• ¡tenga un buen día! — have a nice day!
• ¡buen viaje! — have a good trip!

Time and Calendar Words

Time vocabulary is essential for basic conversation. It helps beginners talk about days, schedules, routines, and simple plans.

12. Days of the Week

These are some of the first time words you should memorize.

• Domingo — Sunday
• Lunes — Monday
• Martes — Tuesday
• Miércoles — Wednesday
• Jueves — Thursday
• Viernes — Friday
• Sabado — Saturday

13. Months of the Year

Months are useful for birthdays, travel dates, and appointments.

• Enero — January
• Febrero — February
• Marzo — March
• Abril — April
• Mayo — May
• Junio — June
• Julio — July
• Agosto — August
• Septiembre — September
• Octubre — October
• Noviembre — November
• Diciembre — December

14. Other Time Words

This group gives you the vocabulary to talk about today, tomorrow, morning, night, and other references.

• anteayer — day before yesterday
• ayer — yesterday
• el año — year
• el día — day
• el mes — month
• el siglo — century
• la hora — hour
• hoy — today
• la semana — week
• madrugada — dawn
• mañana — tomorrow/morning
• medianoche — midnight
• mediodia — noon
• el minuto — minute
• la noche — night
• el pasado mañana — day after tomorrow
• los segundos — seconds
• la tarde — afternoon

Family and Relationships

Family words are useful because they appear in personal introductions and everyday conversation.

15. Nuclear Family

Start with the closest family members first.

• el padre — father
• el papá — dad
• la madre — mother
• la mamá — mom
• el hermano — brother
• la hermana — sister
• el hijo — son
• la hija — daughter
• la familia cercana — close family

16. Extended Family

Once you know the immediate family, you can expand your vocabulary to include relatives.

• el abuelo — grandfather
• la abuela — grandmother
• el bisabuelo — great-grandfather
• la bisabuela — great-grandmother
• la nieta — granddaughter
• el nieto — grandson
• el tío — uncle
• la tía — aunt
• el tío abuelo — great-uncle
• la tía abuela — great-aunt
• el primo — cousin (male)
• la prima — cousin (female)
• mis parientes — my relatives

17. Family Verbs

These verbs help you describe family relationships and emotions.

• abrazar — to hug
• amar — to love
• reír — to laugh
• perdonar — to forgive

Everyday Action Verbs

Verbs are the engine of a language. Beginners need a solid base of common action words.

18. Common Actions

This group gives you everyday verbs that appear in conversation, stories, and basic communication.

• empezar — to start
• seguir — to follow
• abrir — to open
• buscar — to search
• cantar — to sing
• cerrar — to close
• destruir — to destroy
• dormir — to sleep
• encontrar — to find
• esconder — to hide
• esperar — to wait
• faltar — to miss
• hacer — to do
• intentar — to try
• llamar — to call
• llevar — to take
• llorar — to cry
• luchar — to fight
• mentir — to lie
• odiar — to hate
• recibir — to receive
• reconocer — to recognize
• robar — to steal
• salvar — to save
• sonreír — to smile
• soñar — to dream
• tomar — to take
• Vivir — to live

The Five Senses

This vocabulary helps you describe what you hear, see, touch, smell, and taste.

19. Sound

These words help you talk about noise, volume, hearing, and the way things sound.

• tranquilo/a — quiet
• ruidoso/a — loud
• gritar — to shout
• escuchar — to hear
• silencio — silence
• alto — loud
• bajo — soft
• ensordecedor — deafening
• agudo — sharp, high-pitched
• grave — low-pitched
• melodioso — melodious
• armónico — harmonic
• zumbido — buzz
• sordo — deaf

20. Sight

These words are useful when describing people, objects, colors, and what you notice around you.

• ver — to see
• mirar — to look
• de colores — colorful
• blanco y negro — black and white
• brillante — bright
• apagado — dim
• claro — light
• oscuro — dark
• ciego — blind
• mirar fijamente — to stare
• echar un vistazo — to glance
• bizquear — to squint
• guiñar — to wink
• parpadear — to blink

21. Touch

This group helps you talk about texture, physical feeling, and contact.

• tocar — to touch
• agarrar — to grab
• suave — soft
• áspero(a) — rough
• liso(a) — smooth
• rugoso(a) — wrinkled
• pegajoso(a) — sticky
• punzante — sharp
• sedoso(a) — silky
• esponjoso(a) — spongy
• mullido(a) — fluffy
• hormigueo — tingle
• entumecido(a) — numb
• rozar — to touch gently
• acariciar — to caress

22. Smell

Smell words are practical and descriptive.

• olor — smell
• el perfume — scent
• la fragancia — fragrance
• el hedor — stench
• apestoso(a) — smelly
• fresco(a) — fresh
• acre — pungent
• húmedo(a) — musty
• podrido(a) — rotten
• ahumado(a) — smoky
• apestar — to stink

23. Taste

Taste vocabulary is especially important for food conversations.

• gusto — taste
• sabor — flavor
• probar — try
• sabroso — está sabrosa
• delicioso — delicious
• perfecto — perfect
• apetitoso — appetizing
• dulce — sweet
• dulzón — sugary
• soso — bland

Describing People and Things

Adjectives help beginners say more with fewer words. This section gives you practical ways to describe distance, emotions, appearance, and color.

24. Distance

These are simple descriptive words that help you talk about location and size relationships.

• abierto/a — open
• ancho/a — wide
• estrecho/a — narrow
• lejano/a — far
• cercano/a — close

25. Personality and Emotions

This group is useful for talking about yourself and other people.

• alegre — joyful
• gracioso/a — funny
• serio/a — serious
• tímido/a — shy
• valiente — brave
• loco/a — crazy
• contento(a) — content
• feliz — happy
• preocupado(a) — worried
• nervioso(a) — nervous
• tranquilo(a) — tranquil
• calmado(a) — calm
• emocionado(a) — excited

26. Hair

Hair vocabulary is a practical way to describe appearance.

• largo/a — long
• corto/a — short
• liso/a — straight
• rizado/a — curly
• ondulado/a — wavy
• castaño/a — brown
• rubio/a — blonde
• pelirrojo/a — red
• negro/a — black
• canoso/a — grey
• abundante — thick
• fino/a — thin
• calvo/a — bald

27. Size

These words help you talk about height, body type, and size in a simple way.

• grande — big
• pequeño/a — small
• enorme — huge
• delgado/a — lean
• esbelto/a — slender
• flaco/a — skinny
• menudo/a — petite
• alto/a — tall
• bajo/a — short

28. Looks

These are common descriptive words for physical appearance.

• hermoso/a — beautiful
• guapo/a — handsome
• feo/a — ugly
• adorable — cute
• bonita — pretty
• impresionante — stunning
• poco atractivo/a — plain
• atractivo/a — attractive

29. Colors

Colors are basic, visual, and easy to learn.

• negro — black
• marrón / café — brown
• gris — grey
• blanco — white
• amarillo — yellow
• anaranjado — orange
• rojo — red
• rosado — pink
• morado / púrpura — purple
• azul — blue
• verde — green

Creative and Practical Basics

These topics are simple, concrete, and easy for beginners to remember.

30. Arts and Crafts

This small set is useful for school, hobbies, and creative activities.

• colorear — to color
• construir — to construct
• cortar — to cut
• coser — to sew
• dibujar — to draw
• pintar — to paint

31. Numbers

Numbers are foundational. Beginners use them for age, time, prices, dates, and many everyday situations.

• cero — zero
• uno — one
• dos — two
• tres — three
• cuatro — four
• cinco — five
• seis — six
• siete — seven
• ocho — eight
• nueve — nine
• diez — ten

Animals

Animal words are memorable and useful for everyday conversation, children’s content, nature, and basic descriptions.

32. Common Domestic and Farm Animals

These are the animal words beginners are most likely to meet first.

• el gato — cat
• el perro — dog
• el conejo — rabbit
• el pollo — chicken
• la gallina — hen
• el gallo — rooster
• la vaca — cow
• el toro — bull
• la oveja — sheep
• el caballo — horse
• el cerdo — pig
• la cabra — goat
• el burro — donkey
• el ratón — mouse

33. Forest Animals

This group expands your animal vocabulary into nature and wildlife.

• el ciervo — deer
• el mapache — raccoon
• la ardilla — squirrel
• el búho — owl
• el zorro — fox
• el lobo — wolf
• el oso — bear

34. Ocean Animals

These words are useful in travel, documentaries, and basic nature vocabulary.

• el cangrejo — crab
• la medusa — jellyfish
• el delfín — dolphin
• la ballena — whale
• el tiburón — shark
• la foca — seal
• el lobo marino — sea lion
• la morsa — walrus
• el pingüino — penguin

Travel and Transportation

Travel vocabulary is practical and motivating for beginners.

35. Travel Basics

These are core travel words you may need in airports, hotels, and transportation situations.

• el viaje — trip
• el equipaje — bags
• la salida — exit
• la llegada — arrival
• los documentos de identidad — id papers
• el billete de avión — boarding pass
• el hotel — hotel
• el permiso de conducir — driver’s license
• echar gasolina — to get gas
• viajar — to travel
• volver — to return
• ir — to go
• salir — to leave
• parar — to stop
• partir — to depart
• porter(a) — doorman
• hostia — hostess
• botones — bellhop

36. Transportation

These words help you talk about vehicles and transport-related people in daily life.

• el avión — airplane
• el coche — car
• la bicicleta — bicycle
• la motocicleta — motorcycle
• el tren — train
• el metro/subte — subway
• el autobús — bus
• el barco — ship
• taxista — taxi driver
• revisor(a) — train conductor
• dependiente de gas — gas station attendant
• conductor(a) — driver, chauffeur

Weather and Seasons

Weather is a very common conversation topic.

37. Weather Words

These words let you talk about the sky, temperature, and common weather conditions.

• el sol — the sun
• las nubes — the clouds
• la niebla — the fog
• la neblina — the mist
• la lluvia — the rain
• la llovizna — the drizzle
• la tormenta — the storm
• el tornado — the tornado
• el trueno — the thunder
• el relámpago — the lightning strike
• el rayo — the lightning bolt
• el viento — the wind
• la brisa — the breeze
• el granizo — the hail
• el hielo — the ice
• la nieve — the snow
• el calor — the heat
• el frío — the cold
• la humedad — the humidity
• la temperatura — the temperature
• el pronóstico — the forecast

38. Weather Verbs

These verbs help you turn weather words into simple sentences.

• llover — to rain
• lloviznar — to drizzle
• diluviar — to pour down
• granizar — to hail
• nevar — to snow

39. Seasons

The seasons are basic time vocabulary and often appear together with weather and travel topics.

• el invierno — winter
• la primavera — spring
• el verano — summer
• el otoño — fall

Work, Business, and Careers

Beginners often need basic job vocabulary early, especially for introductions and daily life.

40. Business Basics

These words are useful for work, office life, and professional conversations.

• carta de motivación — cover letter
• el cv — resume
• la firma — firm
• el negocio — business
• la compañía — company
• el jefe — boss
• el empleado — employee
• trabajar — to work
• negociar — to negotiate
• consultor(a) — consultant
• dueño(a) — owner

41. Careers

This longer list expands your job vocabulary.

• abogado(a) — lawyer
• arquitecto(a) — architect
• bombero(a) — fireman
• campesino(a) — farm worker
• carpintero(a) — carpenter
• cartero(a) — postal worker
• casero(a) — landlord
• científico(a) — scientist
• cocinero(a) — cook, chef
• consejero(a) — counselor
• constructor(a) — construction worker
• contador(a) — accountant
• doméstico(a) — maid
• detective — detective
• director — editor
• electricista — electrician
• escritor — writer
• vaquero — cowboy
• manejador(a) — manager
• granjero(a) — farmer
• ingeniero(a) — engineer
• jardinero(a) — gardener
• jefe — boss
• juez — judge
• lavandero(a) — laundry person
• marinero(a) — merchant marine
• mecánico(a) — mechanic
• camarero(a) — waiter
• padre — priest
• panadero(a) — baker
• pastor(a) — pastor
• periodista — reporter
• pescador(a) — fisherman
• pintor(a) — painter
• plomero(a) — plumber
• Policía — policeman
• programador(a) — computer programmer
• dueño(a) — owner
• químico(a) — chemist
• ranchero(a) — rancher
• rebuscador(a) — researcher
• reparador(a) — repairman
• técnico(a) de laboratorio — lab technician
• trabajador(a) de fábrica — factory worker
• veterinario(a) — veterinarian

Sports and Fitness

Sports vocabulary is useful because it includes both activities and action verbs.

42. Sports and Activities

This group covers common sports, exercise, and active hobbies.

• ir al gimnasio — go to the gym
• ir de caminata — go hiking
• levantar pesas — lift weight
• mantenerse en forma — to stay in shape
• practicar — to practice
• nadar — to swim
• el yoga — yoga
• el fútbol — soccer
• el fútbol americano — football
• el béisbol — baseball
• el baloncesto — basketball
• el golf — golf
• el hockey — hockey
• el tenis — tennis
• el voleibol — volleyball
• luchar — to wrestle/to fight
• correr — to run
• esquiar — to ski
• el partido — game/match
• la carrera — race
• el torneo — tournament

43. Sports Verbs

These verbs are useful for describing actions in games and exercise.

• patear — to kick
• saltar — to jump
• parar — to stop/to block
• balancear — to swing
• servir — to serve
• rematar — to spike
• pegar — to hit
• driblar — to dribble
• tirar — to throw
• agarrar — to catch
• ganar — to win
• perder — to lose
• empatar — to tie
• caminar — to walk
• bailar — to dance
• jugar — to play
• competir — to compete

Food and Drink

Food is one of the best vocabulary topics for beginners because it is practical and visual.

44. Food and Drink Basics

Start with the broadest food words first.

• la comida — food
• las bebidas — drinks
• las verduras — vegetables
• las frutas — fruits
• cocinar — to cook
• tengo hambre — i’m hungry
• tengo sed — i’m thirsty

45. Meats

These are common food words that beginners will see in restaurants.

• la res — beef
• el pollo — chicken
• la gallina — chicken
• el cordero — lamb
• la barbacoa — grilled
• el cerdo — pork
• el perrito caliente — hot dog
• el jamón — ham
• la hamburguesa — hamburger
• el tocino — bacon
• el pescado — fish

46. Vegetables

Vegetables are everyday food words.

• la zanahoria — carrot
• la lechuga — lettuce
• el tomate — tomato
• la maíz — corn
• la papa — potato
• la patata — potato
• las papas — french fries
• las patatas fritas — french fries
• el brocoli — broccoli
• la espinaca — spinach
• la cebolla — onion
• la col — cabbage
• la ensalada — salad
• la aceituna — olive
• las calabacitas — squash
• el hongo — mushroom
• el pepino — cucumber

47. Fruits

Fruit words are easy to visualize and remember.

• la manzana — apple
• la pera — pear
• la fresa — strawberry
• la frambuesa — raspberry
• la zarzamora — blackberry
• el arándano — blueberry
• el arándano rojo — cranberry
• la naranja — orange
• la mandarina — tangerine
• la toronja — grapefruit
• el limón — lemon
• la lima — lime
• el plátano — banana
• la piña — pineapple
• el coco — coconut
• el mango — mango
• la papaya — papaya

48. Drinks

These words are common in cafés, homes, restaurants, and travel situations.

• la cerveza — beer
• el refresco — pop, soft drink
• el té — tea
• el té helado — iced tea
• el café — coffee
• la leche — milk
• el agua — water
• el jugo — juice
• el batido — milkshake

49. Desserts

Dessert words make food vocabulary more complete.

• el chocolate — chocolate
• los dulces — candy
• el pastel — cake
• las galletas — cookies
• el helado — ice cream
• el churros con chocolate — chocolate churros
• el basque cheesecake — cheesecake

50. Utensils

These are basic dining items that appear in homes and restaurants.

• el plato — plate
• el plato hondo — bowl
• el vaso — glass
• la copa — cup
• el tenedor — fork
• la cuchara — spoon
• el cuchillo — knife
• la servilleta — napkin

51. Taste Words for Food

These simple adjectives help you describe food quickly and naturally.

• dulce — sweet
• salado(a) — savory
• rico(a) — delicious

52. Meals

These are essential everyday words related to routine and eating times.

• el desayuno — breakfast
• el almuerzo — lunch
• la cena — dinner
• el tentempié — snack

Clothing and Special Occasions

These words are useful in everyday life, shopping, and social situations.

53. Clothing

Start with the most common clothing items.

• la prenda, la ropa — clothes
• los zapatos — shoes
• el pantalón — pants
• la camiseta / la camisa — shirt
• la chaqueta — jacket
• la falda — skirt
• el suéter — sweater
• el vestido — dress

54. Holidays and Parties

These words help you talk about celebrations, family events, and holidays throughout the year.

• la navidad — christmas
• el año nuevo — new year
• la pascua — easter
• el día de san valentín — valentine’s day
• el día de la madre — mother’s day
• el día del padre — father’s day
• el día de la independencia — independence day
• el día de acción de gracias — thanksgiving
• el cumpleaños — birthday
• la fiesta — the party
• la boda — the wedding

Parts of the Body

Body vocabulary is essential for health, daily descriptions, and basic conversation.

55. Body Parts

This group helps you talk about physical appearance, pain, health problems, and the human body.

• el cuerpo humano — the human body
• la cabeza — head
• el pecho — chest
• el oído / la oreja — ear
• el ojo — eye
• la cara — face
• la mano — hand
• la boca — mouth
• el pie — foot
• la espalda — back
• el pelo — hair
• el codo — elbow
• el dedo — finger
• la pantorrilla — calf
• la pierna — leg
• la muñeca — wrist
• el talón — heel
• el brazo — arm
• el cuello — neck
• el tobillo — ankle
• la frente — forehead
• el muslo — thigh
• la barba — beard
• el bigote — mustache
• la lengua — tongue
• el dedo del pie — toe
• la cintura — waist
• la cadera — hip
• las nalgas — buttocks
• el pulgar — thumb
• la rodilla — knee
• la nariz — nose
• la mejilla, el cachete — cheek
• los labios — lips
• el hombro — shoulder
• la barbilla, el mentón — chin
• las cejas — eyebrows
• las pestañas — eyelashes
• el ombligo — belly button
• la piel — skin
• el vientre — stomach
• la garganta — throat
• los dientes/las muelas — teeth

Connecting Ideas

Transition words help beginners go from isolated phrases to connected sentences.

56. Time and Order Transitions

These words help you organize events and explain things clearly.

• al principio — at the beginning
• en primer lugar — firstly
• para comenzar — to start
• antes — before
• después — after
• a continuación — in continuation
• mientras tanto — meanwhile
• al final — at the end

57. Adding an Idea

These words help you expand what you are saying and connect related points.

• además — additionally
• aparte de — apart from
• asimismo — at the same time
• también — also
• de igual manera — in the same way

58. Compare and Contrast

These transition words are useful for showing differences, contrast, and balance.

• pero — but
• sin embargo — however
• no obstante — nevertheless
• por otro lado — on the other hand
• aunque — even though
• a pesar de — despite

Location and Direction

Location words are highly practical. They help beginners describe where things are, give directions, and understand spaces.

59. Prepositions of Place

These are some of the most useful location words in Spanish.

• dentro de — inside of
• encima de/sobre — on top of
• debajo de — underneath of
• delante de — in front of
• detrás de — behind
• entre — between
• en — in/on/at
• fuera de — outside of
• arriba de — above
• en medio de — in the middle of
• cerca de — close to
• lejos de — far from
• al lado de — next to
• alrededor de — around
• a la izquierda de — to the left of
• a la derecha de — to the right of

60. Location Verbs

These verbs help you describe position and placement.

• estar — to be
• colocar — to place
• ubicar — to position
• poner — to put
• situar — to place

61. Here and There

These short location words are extremely common and easy to use right away.

• aquí, acá — here
• ahí — there
• allí — there
• allá — over there

62. Directions

These basic direction words are useful for navigation, travel, and maps.

• el este — east
• el norte — north
• el oeste — west
• el sur — south

School Vocabulary

School vocabulary is useful for students, parents, and anyone learning Spanish through structured study.

63. Classroom Objects

These are practical school words beginners can easily visualize and remember.

• la clase — classroom
• el aula — classroom
• la pizarra — blackboard
• el pizarrón — whiteboard
• la tiza — chalk
• el marcador — marker
• el borrador — eraser
• el escritorio — desk
• el pupitre — desk
• la silla — chair
• la mochila — backpack
• el libro — book
• el cuaderno — notebook
• el papel — paper
• el lápiz — pencil
• los lápices de colores — coloring pencils
• el sacapuntas — pencil sharpener
• el bolígrafo — pen
• la goma — eraser
• las tijeras — scissors
• la cola/el pegamento — glue
• la regla — ruler
• la grapadora — stapler
• el estuche — pencil case

64. Classroom Activities

This section gives you important learning verbs that are useful far beyond school.

• estudiar — to study
• repasar — to revise
• aprender — to learn
• saber — to know
• hacer los deberes — to do homework
• hacer la tarea — to do homework
• leer — to read
• escribir — to write
• hablar — to speak
• decir — to say
• preguntar — to ask
• charlar — to chat
• dictar — to dictate
• deletrear — to spell
• contar — to count
• faltar — to miss school
• aprobar — to pass
• reprobar — to fail
• prestar — to lend
• tomar prestado — to borrow
• traer — to bring
• enseñar — to teach
• mostrar — to show
• nombrar — to name
• ayudar — to help

65. Places in a School

These words help beginners talk about the spaces they see in a school building.

• la escuela — school
• el colegio — school
• el gimnasio — gym
• el patio — playground
• el baño — restroom
• el pasillo — hallway
• la biblioteca — library
• la oficina — office
• la sala de profesores — staff room
• el comedor — cafeteria
• la cocina — kitchen
• la enfermería — infirmary
• el laboratorio — lab

66. People in a School

These are common role words connected to education and school life.

• maestro/a — teacher (primary school)
• profesor/a — teacher (secondary school)
• entrenador/a — coach
• enfermero/a — nurse
• director/a — principal
• alumno/a — student
• estudiante — student

67. More School Words

These words complete the topic by adding common subjects, school events, and academic terms.

• el almuerzo — lunch
• el recreo — recess
• las vacaciones — vacations
• la comida — food
• el casillero — locker
• la materia — subject
• la matemática — math
• la biología — biology
• la química — chemistry
• la física — physics
• la educación física — physical education
• la historia — history
• la literatura — literature
• la prueba — test
• el examen — exam
• la nota — grade
• la calificación — grade

Technology

Technology vocabulary is now basic everyday vocabulary.

68. Technology Words

These are modern, high-frequency words that English speakers learning Spanish will likely need early.

• un ordenador (Spain) — a computer
• una computadora — a computer
• una tableta — a tablet
• una impresora — a printer
• el ratón — the mouse
• apagar — to turn on
• encender — to turn off
• el disco duro — the hard drive
• el teclado — the keyboard
• la tecla — the key
• los auriculares — headphones
• el micrófono — the mic
• la pantalla — the screen
• la cámara — the camera
• los altavoces — the speakers
• una aplicación — an app
• base de datos — database
• las redes sociales — social networks
• el enlace — the link
• subir — to upload
• guardar — to save
• borrar — to delete
• hacer click — to click
• bajar/descargar — to download
• buscar en Google — search on Google
• pirata informático — hacer
• contraseña — password

Home and Household Vocabulary

Home vocabulary matters because it describes the place where daily life happens.

69. Home Basics

Start with the main parts of a home and a few simple adjectives used to describe it.

• la casa — house, home
• el hogar — home
• la habitación — bedroom
• el cuarto — bedroom
• el dormitorio — bedroom
• la sala — living room
• el comedor — dining room
• la cocina — kitchen
• el baño — bathroom
• el pasillo — hallway
• el jardín — yard, garden
• el garaje — garage
• cómodo/a — comfortable
• acogedor — cozy
• desordenado/a — messy
• limpio/a — clean

70. Bathroom

These are useful household items for personal care and daily routines.

• la pasta de dientes — toothpaste
• el cepillo de dientes — toothbrush
• el jabón — soap
• el secador de pelo — hair dryer
• el champú — shampoo
• el cepillo — brush
• el papel higiénico — toilet paper
• la toalla — towel
• el agua jabonosa — soapy water
• la bolsa de basura — trash bag
• el cubo de basura — trash can
• el cesto de la ropa sucia — laundry basket
• la navaja de afeitar — razor
• la maquinilla de afeitar eléctrica — electric razor
• la crema de afeitar — shaving cream
• el enjuague bucal — mouthwash
• el cepillo de pelo — hair brush
• el peine — comb
• el limpiador facial — facial cleanser
• la balanza — scale
• el pañuelo de papel — tissue
• los juguetes de baño — bath toys
• la alfombra de baño — bath mat
• la ducha — shower
• la bañera — bathtub
• el fregadero — sink
• el inodoro — toilet
• el grifo — faucet
• el espejo — mirror
• peinar — to comb

71. Kitchen Verbs

These verbs are useful because food preparation is a very practical daily-life topic.

• cocinar — to cook
• comer — to eat
• adobar — to marinate
• sazonar — to season
• lavar — to wash
• cortar — to cut
• pelar — to peel
• picar — to chop
• moler — to grind
• incorporar — to add
• mezclar — to mix
• catir — to whisk
• licuar — to blend
• combinar — to combine
• freír — to fry
• hervir — to boil
• colar — to strain
• cocer — to cook
• hornear — to bake
• asar — to grill / roast
• saltear — to saute
• preparar — to prepare
• descongelar — to defrost
• quemar — to burn
• tostar — to toast
• derretir — to melt
• rodajear — to slice
• calentar — to warm up
• rellenar — to fill / stuff
• limpiar — to clean
• desayunar — to have breakfast
• cenar — to have dinner

72. Bedroom

These words describe common objects in a bedroom.

• la puerta — the door
• el armario — the wardrobe
• la estantería — the shelf
• la ventana — the window
• las cortinas — the curtains
• el escritorio — the desk
• el ordenador — the computer
• la cama — the bed
• el cojín — the pillow
• el edredón — the quilt
• las sábanas — the bedding
• la almohada — the pillowcase
• la lámpara — the lamp
• la mesilla de noche — the nightstand
• el espejo — the mirror
• el cuadro — the painting

73. Living Room

This group completes the home vocabulary with common furniture and objects in a shared space.

• la puerta — the door
• el armario — the wardrobe
• la estantería — the shelf
• la ventana — the window
• las cortinas — the curtains
• la mesa — the table
• la silla — the chair
• el sillón — armchair
• la alfombra — the carpet or rug
• la lámpara — the lamp
• la planta — the plant
• las flores — the flowers
• la chimenea — the chimney
• el suelo — the ground
• el techo — the ceiling

Shopping

Shopping vocabulary helps beginners buy what they need, ask questions, and understand common store situations.

74. Shopping Words

These words are useful for clothing stores, supermarkets, and everyday shopping conversations.

• dependiente/a — shop assistant
• caja — checkout
• rebajas — sales
• ocasión — bargain
• recibo — receipt
• probadores — dressing room
• tamaño — size
• tienda de ropa — clothing store
• zapatería — shoe store
• librería — bookstore
• almacén — department store
• supermercado — supermarket
• joyería — jeweler
• juguetería — toy store
• almacenero(a) — grocer
• comerciante(a) — merchant
• tendero(a) — shopkeeper
• dependiente — clerk
• cajero(a) — cashier

Health and Medical Vocabulary

Health vocabulary is important because it becomes essential the moment you need it.

75. Healthcare Professionals

This group helps you identify the people who provide medical care.

• los cuidados de la salud — healthcare
• el dentista — dentist
• el doctor/a — doctor
• el enfermero/a — nurse
• el médico general — general practitioner
• el médico de cabecera — general practitioner
• el médico especialista — specialist
• el/la nutricionista — nutritionist
• el/la paciente — patient
• el/la paramédico — paramedic
• quiropráctico(a) — chiropractor
• el/la pediatra — pediatrician
• el psicólogo/a — psychologist
• los primeros auxilios — first aid
• la salud — health

76. Healthcare Services

These are the places and services beginners may need to recognize in a medical situation.

• la ambulancia — ambulance
• la aseguradora — insurance carrier
• el centro de salud — clinic
• la clínica — clinic
• la farmacia — drug store
• droguería — drug store
• el hospital — hospital
• el pabellón — ward
• la sala de espera — waiting room
• la sala de operaciones — operating room
• el sanatorio — sanatorium

77. Illnesses and Injuries

This group gives you practical vocabulary for describing pain, sickness, and common emergencies.

• la alergía — allergy
• la asfixia — suffocation
• el asma — asthma
• el ataque al corazón — heart attack
• el calambre — muscle cramp
• el cancer — cancer
• el chinchón — head bump
• el corte — cut
• la deshidratación — dehydration
• la diabetes — diabetes
• la diarrea — diarrhea
• el dolor — ache/pain
• el dolor de cabeza — headache
• el dolor de garganta — sore throat
• el dolor de estómago — stomach ache
• el dolor de diente — toothache
• la enfermedad — disease
• la enfermedad cardiaca — heart disease
• la enfermedad infecciosa — infectious disease
• los escalofríos — shaking chills
• la fractura — fracture
• la fiebre — fever
• la gripe — flu
• la herida — wound
• la hipotermia — hypothermia
• la infección — infection
• el malestar — discomfort
• el morete/moretón — bruise
• la náusea — nausea
• el raspón — graze
• el resfriado — cold
• el sangrado — bleeding
• la tos — cough
• el virus — virus
• el vomito — vomit

Ready to Master This Vocabulary?

This lesson gives you a strong foundation in Spanish because it focuses on the words and expressions beginners need most in real life. By learning these groups in an organized way, you are not just memorizing random vocabulary. You are building a practical base that will help you understand conversations, express simple ideas, and feel more confident from the very beginning. Review these words often, use them in short sentences, and return to them again and again, because strong basics are what make real progress possible.